Marine Polysaccharide Degrading Bacteria - A Source of Nutraceuticals
Preethi Poduval,
Dhermendra Kumar Tiwari
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, June 2022
Pages:
48-53
Received:
14 July 2022
Accepted:
29 August 2022
Published:
16 September 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.wros.20221103.11
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Abstract: Marine resources are very important in order to fulfil the large percentage of the nutraceutical products of the global market. The nutraceuticals are obtained from a diverse range of resources such as seaweeds, marine invertebrates, fungi, and bacteria that offer a myriad of bioactive molecules. However, emphasis on the use of polysaccharide degrading bacteria amongst other marine heterotrophic bacteria as a candidate for nutraceutical has not been laid. The polysaccharide degrading bacteria are diverse, ubiquitous, and have immense potential in the nutraceutical industry as they have previously exhibited anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, and antioxidant activity. Polysaccharide degrading enzymes play a crucial role in shaping the complex marine microbial loop. Enzymes such as agarases, chitinases, xylanases, carrageenases and fucoidanases have from marine microorganisms have demonstrated the substrate degradation abilities that have been exploited to obtain nutraceuticals of industrial importance. This chapter review focuses on the properties of the role of polysaccharide degrading bacterial enzymes as nutraceuticals and discusses their symbiotic interactions. In addition, the indirect use of polysaccharide degrading bacteria as nutraceuticals has been highlighted. Finally, the challenges and scope for further research in this field has also been discussed.
Abstract: Marine resources are very important in order to fulfil the large percentage of the nutraceutical products of the global market. The nutraceuticals are obtained from a diverse range of resources such as seaweeds, marine invertebrates, fungi, and bacteria that offer a myriad of bioactive molecules. However, emphasis on the use of polysaccharide degra...
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Water Erosion Potential of the Congo River in the Stanley-Pool Bay
Matsouele Nzonzi Bonheur,
Obami Ondon Harmel,
Tathy Christian,
Moukandi Nkaya Guy Dieudonne,
Mabiala Bernard
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, June 2022
Pages:
54-63
Received:
9 August 2022
Accepted:
13 September 2022
Published:
28 September 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.wros.20221103.12
Downloads:
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Abstract: Water erosion of soil is the loosening, transport and deposition of soil particles by the flow of water. After an intense rainfall and runoff, the water flow can become concentrated. In the Republic of Congo soil erosion is a natural hazard that is exacerbated by human activities, as there is little information on the spatial knowledge of this phenomenon. In this paper, a scientific study on the understanding of the erosion and transfer processes of suspended solids or sediments from the Congo River into the Stanley-Pool Bay was conducted. For this purpose, a treatment of rainfall data over three decades (1990-2020), parameters influencing the process of erosive dynamics leading to the realization of the water erosion map using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), was done. Using open access spatial data and GIS, this USLE model allowed quantifying the rate of material transported over the three decades: a spatialization of erosion risks on the right bank of the Congo River, notably in the Stanley-Pool Bay, a topography dominated by steep slopes up to 10%, a high erosivity and erodibility and a low soil protection were revealed. Finally, the results of the study show that about 40% of the study area is subject to soil loss. The erosion risk is very severe despite the vegetation cover.
Abstract: Water erosion of soil is the loosening, transport and deposition of soil particles by the flow of water. After an intense rainfall and runoff, the water flow can become concentrated. In the Republic of Congo soil erosion is a natural hazard that is exacerbated by human activities, as there is little information on the spatial knowledge of this phen...
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